Base oil is refined out of petroleum crude oil to which additives and other substances are added to produce a lubricant (a typical lubricant conditions at least 90% base oil and less than 10% additives).A lubricant is by definition a substance used in various industries and equipments (automotive sector being the prime consumer) to reduce wear and lower friction between moving parts.
Viscosity,sulphur,color,density,flash point,pour point and volatility which define the quality of the products made fromthe crude oil.How the crude petroleum is refined will also influence the characteristics of the base oil.